Current Science

Satya Kiran Raju Alluri ¹, Trishanu Shit ¹, G. Dhinesh ¹, Devender Gujjula ¹, S. V. S. Phani Kumar ¹, M. V. Ramana Murthy ¹

Affiliations
1 National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai 600 100, IN

Abstract

Offshore wind provides a scalable alternative to conventional energy resources. It can be a potential source to meet the increasing energy demand in developing countries like India, for which an attractive policy framework is required. The aim of this study is to provide an insight for evolving onshore wind policy in India and suggest suitable strategies for development of offshore wind sector. Various wind resource maps were reviewed and potential sites identified as Rameswaram and Kanyakumari along Tamil Nadu coast. Suitability analysis was conducted to identify the type of wind turbine recommended at potential sites to achieve high plant load factor, considering the uncertainty in wind speeds. Commercial viability studies were carried out to identify appropriate incentives for development of offshore wind sector in India. Results indicate a levelized cost of energy of Rs 10.8 and Rs 9.6/Kwh at Rameswaram and Kanyakumari for an internal rate of return of 14%.

Keywords

Commercial Viability, Offshore Wind Energy, Wind Potential Assessment.

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Umakanta Pradhan ¹, Subrat Naik ¹, Mehmuna Begum ¹, S. Sujith Kumar ¹, Uma Sankar Panda ¹, Pravakar Mishra ¹, M. V. Ramana Murthy ¹

Affiliations
1 National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, NIOT Campus, PaUikaranai, Chennai 600 100, IN

Abstract

Anthropogenic litter on the coastal beaches, sea surface and seabed has increased in the recent decades across global oceans¹. Also, massive plastic production and usage have accumulated plastic waste of 4.8-12.7 million metric tonnes (MMT) annually², posing a serious threat to marine ecosystem and beach aesthetics³. Recently, production and usage of plastic in India have increased manifold. Nearly 8 million tonnes of plastic products is being used annually, generating about 1.5 million tonnes of plastic waste with less than a quarter of it being collected and treated⁴. Marine litter originating from untreated urban sewage, tourism, fishing, ports and other activities usually finds its way to the coast through rivers, creeks and waterways. Hence, it becomes necessary to quantify the amount of solid waste that contributes towards polluting the coastal environment. Usually, after a spell of heavy rains, flooding of waterways causes huge amounts of garbage to pile up along the coastline. As a part of the coastal clean up programme under the aegis of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) campaign, an attempt was made to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the litter reaching Chennai beaches, so that the on-going management practices can be suitably adapted.

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Subimal Ghosh ¹, Subhankar Karmakar ², Anamitra Saha ¹, Mohit Prakash Mohanty ³, Shees Ali ¹, Satya Kiran Raju ⁴, Vrinda Krishnakumar ¹, Maneesha Sebastian ¹, Manasa Ranjan Behera ¹, R. Ashrit ⁵, P. L. N. Murty ⁶, K. Srinivas ⁶, B. Narasimhan ⁷, Tune Usha ⁴, M. V. Ramana Murthy ⁴, P. Thiruvengadam ¹, J. Indu ¹, D. Thirumalaivasan ⁸, John P. George ⁵, S. Gedam ⁹, A. B. Inamdar ⁹, B. S. Murty ⁷, P. P. Mujumdar ¹⁰, M. Mohapatra ¹¹, Arun Bhardwaj ¹², Swati Basu ¹², Shailesh Nayak ¹³

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, IN
2 Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, IN
3 Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, IN
4 National Centre for Coastal Research, NIOT Campus, Velacherry–Tambaram Main Road, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600 100, IN
5 National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, A-50, Sector-62, Noida 201 309, IN
6 Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Pragathi Nagar (BO), Nizampet (SO), Hyderabad 500 090, IN
7 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
8 Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University, Chennai 600 040, IN
9 Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, IN
10 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
11 India Meteorological Department, New Delhi 110 003, IN
12 Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India, Vigyan Bhavan Annexe, Maulana Azad Road, New Delhi 110 011, IN
13 National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN

Abstract

Floods are the most common and recurring natural hazards faced by humans since time immemorial. They pose a severe threat to the population, environment and economy in many places across the world, especially urban areas. Urbanization caused due to increasing migration into the floodplains has substantially increased the trend of devastation due to floods in a developing country like India. In Chennai and the surrounding suburban areas, torrential rainfall associated with low-pressure systems engulfed the city during December 2015, affecting more than 4 million people along with economic damages that cost around 3 billion USD.

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Basanta Kumar Jena ¹, J. Rajkumar ¹, Aruna Kumar Avula ¹, K. Jossia Joseph ¹, M. V. Ramana Murthy ¹

Affiliations
1 National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai 600 100, IN

Abstract

The wave parameters and long-term statistics of wave height are important parameters required for coastal/ offshore engineering design and analysis. The 20-year wave simulation has been carried out using MIKE-21 spectral wave model developed by the Danish Hydraulic Institute. The model was forced with the wind data from ECMWF operational archive wind data from 1998 to 2017. The MIKE C-MAP bathymetry data for less than 250 m depth in the North Indian Ocean and ETOPO1 for above 250 m depth were utilized for model bathymetry. The wave measurements available at various depths in the North Indian Ocean were utilized to validate model result. Wave parameters extracted at 27 locations at an interval of 1 degree at 25 m water depth were used for showing monthly variability of significant wave height, average wave period and mean wave direction. The extreme value analysis of significant wave height was carried out using Weibull analysis for 2, 5, 20 and 50 years return period. The maximum wave height of 5.7 m near Odisha coast in 50 years return period was calculated from the extreme value analysis.

Keywords

Extreme Value Analysis, Numerical Model, Wave Direction, Wave Height, Wave Period.

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M. V. Ramana Murthy ¹, Vijaya Ravichandran ¹, Mullai Vendhan ¹, A. S. Kiran ¹, Satya Kiran Raju ¹, Aruna Kumar Avula ¹, Shyamala Varthini ¹, T. Abhishek ¹

Affiliations
1 National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai 600 100, IN

Abstract

Coastal areas of the country are subjected to shoreline erosion due to natural and anthropogenic activities. Climate change-induced effects like sea level rise, extreme waves and increased storm activity exacerbate the erosion and causes the shoreline to retreat landwards. In India, mostly conventional concepts like sea walls and groins are used which protects the shoreline but cannot restore the lost beaches. This article discusses success stories of two novel concepts implemented for restoration of beach along the east coast of India – Kadalur Periyakuppam, a fishing village with gentle slope and Puducherry with steep slope protected by seawall.

Keywords

Beach Restoration, Geo-Textile, Kadalur Village, Puducherry, Submerged Reef.

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Satya Kiran Raju Alluri ¹, Devender Gujjula ¹, G. Dhinesh ¹, S. V. S. Phani Kumar ¹, M. V. Ramana Murthy ¹

Affiliations
1 National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai 600 100, IN

Abstract

Offshore wind energy is gaining significance around the world as the most suitable source of renewable energy. India, blessed with 7500 km of coastline has already announced the offshore wind energy policy based on feasibility studies for offshore wind potential. National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) and M/s Suzlon Energy Limited have installed first LiDAR-based offshore measurement platform with the technical expertise of the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), MoES in the Gulf of Khambhat and the Gulf of Kachchh. This article illustrates the analysis, design methodology and various innovative strategies involved in the installation of LiDAR-based measurement platforms.

Keywords

Challenges, Installation, LiDAR Platform, Offshore Wind Energy.

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